This package provides a data type RationalRoot{T<:Integer} to exactly represent the (positive or negative) square root of a rational number of type Rational{T}.
RationalRoots can be created from any other real number type by using constructors or convert; if the input is not an integer or rational (i.e. a floating point number), the function rationalize from Julia Base is used to first approximate it by a rational number.
julia> RationalRoot(-2.5)
-√(25//4)
julia> convert(RationalRoot{Int16}, 7//2)
+√(49//4)
julia> RationalRoot{BigInt}(2)
+√(4//1)Another way of creating a RationalRoot is using the signedroot function, which maps
a real number x to sign(x)*sqrt(abs(x)) = x/sqrt(abs(x)). If x is an Integer or
Rational, the result is represented as a RationalRoot type. For a floating point number,
signedroot will return a floating point number. A RationalRoot output can be forced by using signedroot(<:RationalRoot, x), in which case rationalize is to rationalize the result.
julia> signedroot(3)
+√(3//1)
julia> signedroot(-4.0)
-2.0
julia> signedroot(RationalRoot, 5.2)
+√(26//5)
julia> signedroot(RationalRoot{Int8}, 8)
+√(8//1)There is also the inverse function signedsquare, which maps a number x to sign(x)*x^2 = x*abs(x).
julia> signedsquare(1.5)
2.25
julia> signedsquare(-2//3)
-4//9
julia> signedsquare(RationalRoot{BigInt}(1.5))
9//4
julia> typeof(ans)
Rational{BigInt}The type RationalRoot will be maintained under multiplication and division with itself or with number of type Integer and Rational. Addition and subtraction require that the type is converted to a floating point number.