Threads⨉: Parallelized Base functions

Add prefix ThreadsX. to functions from Base to get some speedup, if supported. Example:

julia> using ThreadsX

julia> ThreadsX.sum(gcd(42, i) == 1 for i in 1:10_000)
2857

To find out functions supported by ThreadsX.jl, just type ThreadsX. + TAB in the REPL:

julia> ThreadsX.
MergeSort       any             findfirst       map!            reduce
QuickSort       collect         findlast        mapreduce       sort
Set             count           foreach         maximum         sort!
StableQuickSort extrema         issorted        minimum         sum
all             findall         map             prod            unique

The reduce-based functions support any collections that implement SplittablesBase.jl interface including arrays, Dict, Set, and iterator transformations. In particular, these functions support iterator comprehension:

julia> ThreadsX.sum(y for x in 1:10 if isodd(x) for y in 1:x^2)
4917

For advanced usage, they also support Transducers.eduction constructed with parallelizable transducers.

ThreadsX.reduce supports an OnlineStat from OnlineStats.jl as the first argument as long as it implements the merging interface:

julia> using OnlineStats: Mean

julia> ThreadsX.reduce(Mean(), 1:10)
Mean: n=10 | value=5.5

ThreadsX.jl is aiming at providing API compatible with Base functions to easily parallelize Julia programs.

All functions that exist directly under ThreadsX namespace are public API and they implement a subset of API provided by Base. Everything inside ThreadsX.Implementations is implementation detail. The public API functions of ThreadsX expect that the data structure and function(s) passed as argument are "thread-friendly" in the sense that operating on distinct elements in the given container from multiple tasks in parallel is safe. For example, ThreadsX.sum(f, array) assumes that executing f(::eltype(array)) and accessing elements as in array[i] from multiple threads is safe. In particular, this is the case if array is a Vector of immutable objects and f is a pure function in the sense it does not mutate any global objects. Note that it is not required and not recommended to use "thread-safe" array that protects accessing array[i] by a lock.

In addition to the Base API, all functions accept keyword argument basesize::Integer to configure the number of elements processed by each thread. A large value is useful for minimizing the overhead of using multiple threads. A small value is useful for load balancing when the time to process single item varies a lot from item to item. The default value of basesize for each function is currently an implementation detail.

ThreadsX.jl API is deterministic in the sense that the same input produces the same output, independent of how julia's task scheduler decide to execute the tasks. However, note that basesize is a part of the input which may be set based on Threads.nthreads(). To make the result of the computation independent of Threads.nthreads() value, basesize must be specified explicitly.

• Keyword argument dims is not supported yet.
• (There are probably more.)

Most of reduce-based functions are implemented as thin wrappers of Transducers.jl.

Custom collections can support ThreadsX.jl API by implementing SplittablesBase.jl interface.