Bijections
This package provides a Bijection
data type for Julia.
A Dict
in Julia is not one-to-one. Two different keys might have the
same value. This data structure behaves just like a Dict
except it
blocks assigning the same value to two different keys.
Getting Started
After using Bijections
we create a new Bijection
in one of the
following ways:
-
b = Bijection()
: This gives a newBijection
in which the keys and values are ofAny
type. -
b = Bijection{S,T}()
: This gives a newBijection
in which the keys are of typeS
and the values are of typeT
. -
b = Bijection(x,y)
: This gives a newBijection
in which the keys are typetypeof(x)
, the values are typetypeof(y)
and the key-value pair(x,y)
is inserted into theBijection
.
Adding and deleting pairs
Once a Bijection
, b
, is created, we add a new key-value pair in
the same manner as with a Dict
:
julia> b[1] = "hello"
"hello"
julia> b[2] = "bye"
"bye"
Notice, however, that if we add a new key with a value that already
exists in the Bijection
an error ensues:
julia> b[3] = "hello"
ERROR: One of x or y already in this Bijection
Likewise, if a key already has a value it cannot be changed by giving it a new value:
julia> b[1] = "ciao"
ERROR: One of x or y already in this Bijection
If we wish to change the value associated with a given key, the pair
must first be deleted using delete!
:
julia> delete!(b,1)
Bijection{Any,Any} (with 1 pairs)
julia> b[1] = "ciao"
"ciao"
Bijection
Using a To access a value associated with a given key, we use the same syntax
as for a Dict
:
julia> b[1]
"ciao"
julia> b[2]
"bye"
If the key is not in the Bijection
an error is raised:
julia> b[3]
ERROR: KeyError: 3 not found
Since the values in a Bijection
must be distinct, we can give a
value as an input and retrieve its associate key. The function
inverse(b,y)
finds the value x
such that b[x]==y
. However, we
provide the handy short cut b(y)
:
julia> b("bye")
2
julia> b("ciao")
1
Naturally, if the requested value is not in the Bijection
an error
is raised:
julia> b("hello")
ERROR: KeyError: hello not found
Inspection
Thinking of a Bijection
as a mapping between finite sets, we
provide the functions domain
and image
. These return,
respectively, the set of keys and the set of values of the
Bijection
.
julia> domain(b)
Set(Any[2,1])
julia> image(b)
Set(Any["bye","ciao"])
The collect
function returns the Bijection
as an array of
key-value pairs:
julia> collect(b)
2-element Array{Tuple{Any,Any},1}:
(2,"bye")
(1,"ciao")
The length
function returns the number of key-value pairs:
julia> length(b)
2
The isempty
function returns true
exactly when the Bijection
contains no pairs:
julia> isempty(b)
false
To do list
These are features I may get around to adding:
-
Create an
inv(b)
function which creates a newBijection
that reverses key-value pairs inb
-
Create an
active_inv(b)
function that, likeinv
, creates an inverse but that is tied tob
so that any modification of one affects the other. -
A
Bijection
ought to be iterable, but that's not implemented yet.